(Photographic Supplement, Plate 4)

Brünn Survivors in Scandinavia

During the Late Pleistocene age, the post-glacial Mesolithic cultural period, descendants of Upper Palaeolithic hunters lived in North Africa, in most of Europe, and in western Siberia, where some of them merged into the ancestors of the mongoloid group of humanity. Even during the Upper Palaeolithic cultural period in western Europe, some of the hunting peoples showed incipiently mongoloid racial tendencies. Among the living descendants of these hunters, these tendencies are more common in the eastern groups than among those living in the west.

Aside from the Ainu, the Lapps represent the easternmost in locus of development of the basically white hunting groups which survived, and the only one which retained a non-agricultural economy until modern times. Their present location in northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula is probably recent, and their area of differentiation is believed to have been situated in the neighborhood of the Urals.

All Upper Palaeolithic survivors may be divided into two general groups (a) those who have been subjected to reduction in head size and bodily bulk, and who, have been partially foetalized in the course of the same process; and (b) those who retain the head size, bodily bulk, and masculinity of features characterstic of the Pleistocene hunters. Most of the latter group are to be found in northwestern Europe. Dolichocephalic individuals who recapitulate the metrical and morphological qualities of the Crô-Magnon and Brünn-Předmost Aurignacian people are commonest in Scandinavia and in Ireland. In Scandinavia they are found concentrated along the southern Swedish coast in the neighborhood of Göteborg, and in the mountains of southwestern Norway.

FIG. 1 (3 views).

A Swede from Trollhatton, southern Sweden. This man is both tall and heavy; of lateral bodily build. His head is of prodigious length, his face nearly as wide as his cranial vault; all dimensions of the face are great, especially the width of the mandible; the distance between the eyes, and the heaviness of the browridges, are likewise remarkable. This individual recapitulates, as closely probably as any other living human being, the physical type of many of the hunters who lived in western and central Europe during the Laufen Interglacial and the last advance of the ice. Note that in his case, as with most of his type, only a partial degree of blondism is present.

FIG. 2 (3 views).

Another Swede, in this case from Göteborg, a slightly less extreme example of the same type. Swedes of this type are habitually found in association with the sea. Both of these individuals, as well as Fig. 4, were measured and photographed in a Boston shipyard.

FIG. 3 (3 views, from Alette Schreiner, Anthropologische Lokaluntersuchungen in Norge; Valle, Halandsdal, und Eidfjord. Oslo, 1930. #113).

This Norwegian from the isolated mountain settlement of Valle in southwestern Norway represents the same basic type as the two men above; his face and mandible, however; are narrower; and his hair ash blond; admixture with Nordics is indicated.

FIG. 4 (3 views).

The same conclusion is suggested in reference to this extremely long-faced and golden-haired Swede from Helsingborg. He is, however, much larger in head and face size, much heavier in body build, and heavier in the facial skeleton than any Nordic. The predominant strain is Upper Palaeolithic.