Systematic Appendix: The Races of Europe

EUROPID OR WHITE PRIMARY RACE: Thin to medium-thick, mostly more-or-less light skin. Soft, smooth to wavy or curly hair and generally a stronger growth of beard. A rather narrow nose and generally thin lips. Types of body build: mostly juvenile (virile) and boreal, occasionally mature.

1. Caspid Southeastern High-Skulled Racial Group.
1. More boreal body build.
1. Face somewhat protomorphic.
1. Eye sockets often somewhat slanted. More-or-less high in frequency of blood type gene q.
1. Volgid Race: dark pigmented, very short-statured, thickset, long- to medium-skulled.
2. East-Baltid Race: very light pigmented, taller, however thickset, round-headed with flat occiput. Eyes often situated somewhat flat in the face. Two subraces in this area of Europe.
2. Eyes direct, large upper iris: Pre-Pontid Race (extinct).
2. Face almost infantile.
1. Scando-Lappid Race: very short-statured, with very low face and round skull, rather dark pigmented. Very low frequency of blood type gene q and very high frequency of blood type gene p2. Also very unique in other serological traits.
2. East-Alpine Race: Similar, but less pronounced, traits. Much higher frequency of blood type gene q.
2. Progressive Procopomorphic Types—All Extremely Long-Skulled.
1. East-Mediterranean Race: dark pigmented, with many subraces.
1. The Pontid (in southern Russia).
2. The Iranid: partly influenced by the Arabid race, with narrow rectangular face.
3. The North-Indid: very tall, heavily bearded, large nose, and a high frequency of blood type gene q.
4. The Gangid: small, very gracile, with thin, sparse beard, and a high frequency of blood type gene q.
5. The Nesid (in the South Seas).
6. The Saharid or South-Mediterranean (in North Africa): rather tall and gracile, with a low frequency of blood type gene q.
7. The Aegyptid: very closely related to the Saharid, but with a high frequency of blood type gene q.
2. The East-Nordid Subrace (of the low-skulled, fair North Race): similar to this North race in anthropological traits (almost disappeared through crossing).
3. Taurid Race: mature-boreal, with very high and round skull, very flat occiput and larger nose. At least two subraces: the very tall Dinarid with short arms and the mature-boreal, medium-sized Anatolid or Armenid (and the somewhat less pronounced Mtebid, with a very low frequency of blood type gene q, in the Caucasus).
2. Atlantid Northwestern Low-Skulled Racial Group (Always With Low Frequencies of Blood Type Gene q).
1. Long-Skulled (Dolichocephalic).
1. Palaeo-Atlantid Race: somewhat protomorphic, broad-nosed, very broad-faced, tall and robust, light-mixed in pigmentation. Low in the frequency of blood type gene p and high in blood type gene r.
2. Nordid Race: virile, more progressive, lighter in pigmentation. Three subraces: the broader-faced, more robust Faelish (Faelo-Nordid) subrace, the narrower-faced, more slender Scando-Nordid subrace, and the North-Atlantid subrace which is morphologically similar to the Scando-Nordid. The first two subraces are rather light-haired, while the North-Atlantid subrace is more dark-haired but at the same time light-eyed. The North-Atlantid subrace also has a higher frequency of blood type gene r and a lower frequency of p than the other two subraces.
3. Southern, Dark-Pigmented, Short-Statured Group:
1. Berid Race: more infantile-puerile, with low frequencies of blood type genes p and q.
2. Juvenile.
1. West-Mediterranean Race: horizontal eye-socket, with a more virile Basquid subrace. The ABO-allelic relationships, and also the Rh-system, are very unique in several ways in this subrace.
2. Arabid Race: slanted eye-socket and almond eyes. Differentiated from the preceding races in facial morphology and facial dynamics. Also a very narrow and sloping forehead, with a distinct rhombic-shaped face. A Syrid subrace, with a lower frequency of blood type gene r.
2. Round-Skulled (Brachycephalic): West-Alpine Race, infantile-boreal.